Determined to preserve a way of life rooted in slavery, 11 Southern states declared themselves the independent Confederate States of America in early 1861. President Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen to suppress this insurrection. Over the next four years, three million Americans would take up arms against each other, resulting in the deaths of at least 620,000 soldiers. This remarkably detailed map of Civil War battles reveals dates, casualties, troop movements, and more to better understand how this war was fought. Published in April 2005 as one half of a two-map set with "A Nation Transformed by the Civil War."